How to Choose the Right Refrigeration Unit for Reefers

Refrigerated trucks (often called “reefers”) are crucial to the cold chain – keeping perishable goods fresh and safe from spoilage. A Transport Refrigeration Unit (TRU) is a specialized cooling system mounted on a truck or trailer to regulate temperature during transit. In short, TRUs maintain a consistent cold temperature for cargo, reducing waste and ensuring product quality from farm to fork. Because so many industries (food, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, etc.) depend on precise temperature control, choosing the right refrigeration unit requires careful consideration of power source, vehicle size, cargo type, route, and budget.

Independent vs. Non-Independent Units

When picking a refrigeration system, the first distinction is independent vs non-independent power.

– Independent units have their own engine or generator (usually a small diesel or electric motor) and run completely separately from the truck’s engine. This means the TRU can run even if the truck is stopped or its main engine is off – a big advantage for long trips or overnight stays. These units provide very stable, continuous cooling, but they are more complex and costly to buy and maintain.

– Non-independent units are simpler systems that rely on the truck’s own engine and alternator to power the compressor. They cost less upfront and are easier to maintain, but only cool while the truck is running. If the engine stops, the refrigeration cycle halts. This can risk cargo temperature during engine-off periods.

In summary, independent units = self-powered (continuous cooling, higher cost); non-independent units = engine-powered (cost-effective, but cooling stops with the engine). Choose based on how often you can run the truck engine and how critical uninterrupted cooling is for your goods.

Vehicle Size and Cargo Volume

The size of the truck and its cargo compartment heavily influence unit choice. Generally, smaller trucks and vans (around 6–7 meters or shorter) use non-independent units, while larger trucks and semi-trailers use independent units.

– Light delivery vans and small box trucks (cargo volume roughly 4–30 m³) typically mount compact engine-driven units.

– Medium to heavy trucks with bodies over ~7 meters long usually require a more powerful stand-alone refrigeration system. Large semi-trailers often have a big independent unit mounted on the front bulkhead.

The 6–7 m threshold is not absolute – consider cargo volume, insulation, and temperature needs. Choose the unit whose cooling capacity matches your operational demands.

Cargo Temperature Requirements

Different products have different temperature needs, which determines the required refrigeration capacity. For example:

– Frozen goods (ice cream, seafood, frozen meat): typically –18°C or lower

– Chilled foods (dairy, fresh meat): around 0°C to –5°C

– Fruits, vegetables, and pharmaceuticals: often +2°C to +8°C

Ensure the TRU is rated to meet your coldest required temperature. Some units offer defrost functions – useful for products that generate condensation or frost. Ask about deep-freeze vs. fresh-keeping configurations.

Distance and Route

Your typical transport route and distance also affect your choice of refrigeration unit.

– Short-haul (local): Engine-powered units are suitable for city or nearby deliveries. They’re budget-friendly and fit smaller vehicles. Occasional engine-off cooling gaps are usually manageable.

– Long-haul (regional or international): Stand-alone units are better for continuous cooling needs. They operate even when the vehicle is off, protecting cargo during rest periods or long load times.

Major Refrigeration Unit Brands

Brand and after-sales support are important when investing in refrigeration units. Leading global brands like Carrier Transicold and Thermo King offer reliable, well-supported products – at premium prices. Others like Denso, Daikin, and Webasto also provide quality systems with specialized features.

In recent years, Chinese-made refrigeration units have gained traction. Anchor Group, a top 10 mobile climate control products supplier in China, offers truck TRUs known for precise temperature control, high-quality components, low energy use, and strong value. Anchor’s units are sold globally and praised for their performance and reliability.

Conclusion

Choosing the right truck refrigeration unit means balancing many factors:

– Power source (independent or engine-driven)

– Vehicle size and cargo volume

– Temperature requirements of your cargo

– Transport distance and route

– Budget and service support

There is no one-size-fits-all solution. The best TRU is the one that fits your specific transport needs. For expert guidance, high-performance systems, and customized solutions, contact Anchor Group – your trusted partner in transport refrigeration.